Coronary disease

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Coronary disease
Classification and external resources
MeSH	D003327

Coronary disease (or coronary heart disease) refers to the failure of coronary circulation to supply adequate circulation to cardiac muscle and surrounding tissue. It is already the most common form of disease affecting the heart and an important cause of premature death in Europe, the Baltic states, Russia, North and South America, Australia and New Zealand. It has been predicted that all regions of the world will be affected by 2020.^[1]

It is most commonly equated with atherosclerotic coronary artery disease, but coronary disease can be due to other causes, such as coronary vasospasm.^[2] It is possible for the stenosis to be caused by the spasm.^[3]

Contents [hide] 1 Causes 2 Signs and symptoms 3 Treatment 3.1 Lifestyle changes 3.2 Medications to treat coronary disease 3.3 Surgical intervention 4 See also 5 References

 Causes

Coronary artery disease, the most common type of coronary disease, which has no clear etiology, has many risk factors, including smoking, radiotherapy to the chest, hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia.^[4]

Also, having a Type A behavior pattern, a group of personality characteristics including time urgency and competitiveness, is linked to an increased risk of coronary disease. ^[5]

 Signs and symptoms

Coronary heart disease may be asymptomatic. If not, symptoms can include:

• Chest heaviness
• Dyspnea
• Fatigue
• Chest pain
• Angina
• Myocardial infarction ^[6][7]

 Treatment

 Lifestyle changes

Lifestyle changes that may be useful in coronary disease include.

• Weight control
• Smoking cessation
• Exercise
• Healthy diet^[8]A healthy diet would include the reduction of animal based foods and an increase in plant based foods.^[9]

 Medications to treat coronary disease

• Cholesterol lowering medications, such as statins, are useful to decrease the amount of "bad" (LDL) cholesterol.^{[citation needed]}
• Nitroglycerin
• ACE inhibitors, which treat hypertension and may lower the risk of recurrent myocardial infarction^{[citation needed]}
• Calcium channel blockers
• Aspirin^[10]

 Surgical intervention

• Angioplasty
• Stents
• Coronary artery bypass^[11]

 See also

• Myocardial infarction
• Coronary artery disease
• Cardiology
• Atherosclerosis
• Angina
• Heart failure
• Coronary ischemia
• Cardiovascular disease
• Vasospasm

 References

[hide] v • d • e Cardiovascular disease: heart disease · Circulatory system pathology (I00-I52, 390-429) Ischaemic CD/CHD CAD · Coronary thrombosis · Coronary vasospasm · Coronary artery aneurysm · Coronary artery dissection · Myocardial Bridge Active ischemia Angina pectoris (Prinzmetal's angina, Stable angina) · Acute coronary (Unstable angina, Myocardial infarction / heart attack) Sequelae hours (Myocardial stunning, Hibernating myocardium) · days (Myocardial rupture) · weeks (Aneurysm of heart/Ventricular aneurysm, Dressler's syndrome) Layers Pericardium Pericarditis (Acute, Chronic/Constrictive) · Pericardial effusion (Hemopericardium, Cardiac tamponade) Myocardium Myocarditis (Chagas disease) Cardiomyopathy: Dilated (Alcoholic) · Hypertrophic · Restrictive (Loeffler endocarditis, Cardiac amyloidosis, Endocardial fibroelastosis) Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia Endocardium/ valves Endocarditis Infective endocarditis (Subacute bacterial endocarditis) · noninfective endocarditis (Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis, Libman-Sacks endocarditis) Valves mitral (regurgitation, prolapse, stenosis) · aortic (stenosis, insufficiency) · tricuspid (stenosis, insufficiency) · pulmonary (stenosis, insufficiency) Conduction/ arrhythmia Bradycardia Sinus bradycardia · Sick sinus syndrome Heart block: Sinoatrial · AV (1°, 2°, 3°) · Intraventricular (Bundle branch/Right/Left, Left anterior fascicular/Left posterior fascicular, Bifascicular/Trifascicular) · Adams-Stokes syndrome Tachycardia (paroxysmal and sinus) Supraventricular Atrial (Multifocal) · Junctional (AV nodal reentrant, Junctional ectopic) Ventricular Torsades de pointes · Catecholaminergic polymorphic · Accelerated idioventricular rhythm Premature contraction Atrial · Ventricular Pre-excitation syndrome Wolff-Parkinson-White · Lown-Ganong-Levine Flutter/fibrillation Atrial flutter · Ventricular flutter · Atrial fibrillation (Familial) · Ventricular fibrillation Pacemaker Wandering pacemaker · Ectopic pacemaker/Ectopic beat · Parasystole · Multifocal atrial tachycardia · Pacemaker syndrome Long QT syndrome Romano-Ward syndrome · Andersen-Tawil syndrome · Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome Cardiac arrest Sudden cardiac death · Asystole · Pulseless electrical activity · Sinoatrial arrest Other/ungrouped hexaxial reference system (Right axis deviation, Left axis deviation) · QT (Short QT syndrome) · T (T wave alternans) · ST (Osborn wave, ST elevation, ST depression) Cardiomegaly Ventricular hypertrophy (Left, Right/Cor pulmonale) · Atrial enlargement (Left, Right) Other Cardiac fibrosis · Heart failure (Cardiac asthma) · Rheumatic fever M: HRT anat/phys/devp noco/cong/tumr, sysi/epon proc, drug (C1A/1B/1C/1D)