Descending colon

Descending colon
Front of abdomen, showing surface markings for liver, stomach, and great intestine. (Descending colon visible at center right, in blue.)
The duodenum and pancreas. (Descending colon visible at lower right.)
Latin	colon descendens
Gray's	subject #249 1181
Artery	Left colic artery
Precursor	Hindgut
MeSH	Colon,+Descending
Dorlands/Elsevier	c_47/12249871

The descending colon of humans passes downward through the left hypochondrium and lumbar regions, along the lateral border of the left kidney.

At the lower end of the kidney it turns medialward toward the lateral border of the psoas muscle, and then descends, in the angle between psoas and quadratus lumborum, to the crest of the ilium, where it ends in the sigmoid colon.

The peritoneum covers its anterior surface and sides, and therefore the descending colon is described as retroperitoneal. (The transverse colon and sigmoid colon, which are immediately proximal and distal, are intraperitoneal). Its posterior surface is connected by areolar tissue with the lower and lateral part of the left kidney, the aponeurotic origin of the transversus abdominis, and the quadratus lumborum.

It is smaller in caliber and more deeply placed than the ascending colon. It has a mesentery in 33% of people, and is therefore more frequently covered with peritoneum on its posterior surface than the ascending colon (which has a mesentery in 25% of people). However, it is less likely to undergo volvulus than the ascending colon.

In front of it are some coils of small intestine.

Additional images

Intestines	Schema	Horizontal disposition of the peritoneum in the lower part of the abdomen.
The relations of the kidneys from behind.		Digestive system

Transverse section through the middle of the first lumbar vertebra, showing the relations of the pancreas.

External links

• SUNY Figs 37:06-06 - "The large intestine."
• SUNY Labs 37:13-0100

Anatomy of torso, digestive system: Gastrointestinal tract
Upper GI: to stomach	Mouth • Pharynx (nasopharynx, oropharynx, hypopharynx) • Esophagus • Crop
Upper GI: stomach	rugae - gastric pits - cardia/gland - fundus/gland - pylorus/gland - pyloric antrum - greater curvature - lesser curvature
Lower GI: intestines	Small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum) • Vermiform appendix • Ileocecal valve - Large intestine: Cecum • Colon (ascending colon, hepatic flexure, transverse colon, splenic flexure, descending colon, sigmoid colon)
Lower GI: after intestines	Rectum (Houston valve, rectal ampulla, pectinate line) • Anal canal (anal valves, anal sinuses, anal columns) - Anus: Sphincter ani internus muscle • Sphincter ani externus muscle
Lower GI: continuous	GALT: Peyer's patches • M cells - intestinal villus • crypts of Lieberkühn • circular folds • taenia coli • haustra • epiploic appendix