Inferior cerebellar peduncle

Brain: Inferior cerebellar peduncle
Scheme showing the connections of the several parts of the brain. (Inferior peduncle labeled at bottom right.)
Section of the medulla oblongata at about the middle of the olive. (Inferior peduncle labeled at upper right.
Latin	pedunculus cerebellaris inferior
Gray's	subject #187 775
NeuroNames	hier-778
NeuroLex ID	birnlex_1691

The upper part of the posterior district of the medulla oblongata is occupied by the inferior peduncle, a thick rope-like strand situated between the lower part of the fourth ventricle and the roots of the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves.

Each cerebellar inferior peduncle connects the medulla spinalis and medulla oblongata with the cerebellum, and comprises the juxtarestiform body and restiform body.

Important fibers running through the inferior cerebellar peduncle include the spinocerebellar tract and axons from the inferior olivary nucleus, among others.

Contents [hide] 1 Function 2 See also 3 Additional images 4 External links

[edit] Function

The inferior cerebellar peduncle carries many types of input and output fibers that are mainly concerned with integrating proprioceptive sensory input with motor vestibular functions such as balance and posture maintenance.

Proprioceptive information from the body is carried to the cerebellum via the posterior spinocerebellar tract.

This tract passes through the inferior cerebellar peduncle and synapses within the paleocerebellum.

Vestibular information projects onto the archicerebellum.

This peduncle also carries information directly from the Purkinje cells to the vestibular nuclei in the dorsal brainstem located at the junction between the pons and medulla oblongata.

[edit] See also

• Superior cerebellar peduncles
• Middle cerebellar peduncles
• Cerebral peduncle
• Juxtarestiform body

[edit] Additional images

Upper part of medulla spinalis and hind- and mid-brains; posterior aspect, exposed in situ.	Superficial dissection of brain-stem. Lateral view.	Dissection of brain-stem. Lateral view.	Deep dissection of brain-stem. Lateral view.
Dissection of brain-stem. Dorsal view.	Diagram showing the course of the arcuate fibers.	Dissection showing the course of the cerebrospinal fibers.

[edit] External links

• Atlas of anatomy at UMich n2a5p2
• Atlas of anatomy at UMich n2a7p4
• Neuroanatomy at UW cere/text/p1/icp.htm

This article was originally based on an entry from a public domain edition of Gray's Anatomy. As such, some of the information contained within it may be outdated.

[hide] v • d • e Human brain: rhombencephalon, myelencephalon: medulla (TA A14.1.04, GA 9.767) Dorsal Surface Posterior median sulcus · Posterolateral sulcus · Area postrema · Vagal trigone · Hypoglossal trigone · Medial eminence Grey: Cranial nuclei afferent: GVA: VII,IX,X: Solitary/tract/Dorsal respiratory group · SVA: Gustatory nucleus · GSA: VIII-v (Lateral, Medial, Inferior) efferent: GSE: XII  · GVE: IX,X,XI: Ambiguus · SVE: X: Dorsal · IX: Inferior salivatory nucleus Grey: other Gracile nucleus · Cuneate nucleus · Accessory cuneate nucleus White: Sensory/ascending Sensory decussation  · Medial lemniscus · Inferior cerebellar peduncle (Juxtarestiform body) · Ascending dorsal longitudinal fasciculus · MLF, III, IV and VI White: Motor/descending Descending dorsal longitudinal fasciculus · MLF, III, IV and VI Ventral White: Motor/descending Motor decussation · Olivocerebellar tract · Rubro-olivary tract Grey matter Ventral respiratory group · Arcuate nucleus of medulla · Inferior olivary nucleus Surface Anterior median fissure · Antero-lateral sulcus · Olive · Pyramid Grey: Raphe/ reticular Reticular formation (Gigantocellular, Parvocellular, Ventral, Lateral, Paramedian) · Raphe nuclei (Obscurus, Magnus, Pallidus)

[hide] v • d • e Human brain, rhombencephalon, metencephalon: cerebellum (TA 14.1.07, GA 9.788) Surface anatomy Lobes Anterior lobe · Posterior lobe (Horizontal fissure) · Flocculonodular lobe (Flocculus, Nodule) Primary fissure Medial/lateral Vermis: anterior (Central lobule, Culmen, Lingula) · posterior (Folium, Tuber, Uvula) · Vallecula of cerebellum Hemisphere: anterior (Alar central lobule) · posterior (Biventer lobule, Cerebellar tonsil) Grey matter Deep cerebellar nuclei Dentate · interposed (Emboliform, Globose) · Fastigial Cerebellar cortex Molecular layer (Stellate cell, Basket cell) Purkinje cell layer (Purkinje cell, Bergmann glia cell = Golgi epithelial cell) Granule cell layer (Golgi cell, Granule cell, Unipolar brush cell) Fibers: Mossy fibers · Climbing fiber · Parallel fiber White matter Internal Arbor vitae Peduncles Inferior (medulla): Dorsal spinocerebellar tract · Olivocerebellar tract · Cuneocerebellar tract · Juxtarestiform body (Vestibulocerebellar tract) Middle (pons): Pontocerebellar fibers Superior (midbrain): Ventral spinocerebellar tract · Dentatothalamic tract · Trigeminocerebellar fibers

[hide] v • d • e Brain and spinal cord: neural tracts and fasciculi Sensory/ ascending PCML 1°: Pacinian corpuscle/Meissner's corpuscle → Gracile fasciculus/Cuneate fasciculus → Gracile nucleus/Cuneate nucleus 2°: → sensory decussation/arcuate fibers (Posterior external arcuate fibers, Internal arcuate fibers) → Medial lemniscus/Trigeminal lemniscus → Thalamus (VPL, VPM) 3°: → Posterior limb of internal capsule → Postcentral gyrus Anterolateral/ pain Fast/lateral 1° (Free nerve ending → A delta fiber) → 2° (Anterior white commissure → Lateral and Anterior Spinothalamic tract → Spinal lemniscus → VPL of Thalamus) → 3° (Postcentral gyrus) → 4° (Posterior parietal cortex) 2° (Spinotectal tract → Superior colliculus of Midbrain tectum) Slow/medial 1° (Group C nerve fiber → Spinoreticular tract → Reticular formation) → 2° (MD of Thalamus) → 3° (Cingulate cortex) Motor/ descending Pyramidal flexion: Primary motor cortex → Posterior limb of internal capsule → Decussation of pyramids → Corticospinal tract (Lateral, Anterior) → Neuromuscular junction Extrapyramidal flexion: Primary motor cortex → Genu of internal capsule → Corticobulbar tract → Facial motor nucleus → Facial muscles flexion: Red nucleus → Rubrospinal tract extension: Vestibulocerebellum → Vestibular nuclei → Vestibulospinal tract extension: Vestibulocerebellum → Reticular formation → Reticulospinal tract Midbrain tectum → Tectospinal tract → muscles of neck Basal ganglia direct: 1° (Motor cortex → Striatum) → 2° (GPi) → 3° (Lenticular fasciculus/Ansa lenticularis → Thalamic fasciculus → VL of Thalamus) → 4° (Thalamocortical radiations → Supplementary motor area) → 5° (Motor cortex) indirect: 1° (Motor cortex → Striatum) → 2° (GPe) → 3° (Subthalamic fasciculus → Subthalamic nucleus) → 4° (Subthalamic fasciculus → GPi) → 5° (Lenticular fasciculus/Ansa lenticularis → Thalamic fasciculus → VL of Thalamus) → 6° (Thalamocortical radiations → Supplementary motor area) → 7° (Motor cortex) nigrostriatal pathway: Pars compacta → Striatum Cerebellar Afferent Vestibular nucleus → Vestibulocerebellar tract → ICP → Cerebellum → Granule cell Pontine nuclei → Pontocerebellar fibers → MCP → Deep cerebellar nuclei → Granule cell Inferior olivary nucleus → Olivocerebellar tract → ICP → Hemisphere → Purkinje cell → Deep cerebellar nuclei Efferent Dentate nucleus in Lateral hemisphere/pontocerebellum → SCP → Dentatothalamic tract → Thalamus (VL) → Motor cortex Interposed nucleus in Intermediate hemisphere/spinocerebellum → SCP → Reticular formation, or → Cerebellothalamic tract → Red nucleus → Thalamus (VL) → Motor cortex Fastigial nucleus in Flocculonodular lobe/vestibulocerebellum → Vestibulocerebellar tract → Vestibular nucleus Bidirectional: Spinocerebellar Unc. prop. lower limb → 1° (muscle spindles → DRG) → 2° (Posterior thoracic nucleus → Dorsal/posterior spinocerebellar tract → ICP → Cerebellar vermis) upper limb → 1° (muscle spindles → DRG) → 2° (Accessory cuneate nucleus → Cuneocerebellar tract → ICP → Anterior lobe of cerebellum) Reflex arc lower limb → 1° (Golgi tendon organ) → 2° (Ventral/anterior spinocerebellar tract→ SCP → Cerebellar vermis) upper limb → 1° (Golgi tendon organ) → 2° (Rostral spinocerebellar tract → ICP → Cerebellum) see also white matter fibers

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