Pyloric antrum

Pyloric antrum
Outline of stomach, showing its anatomical landmarks. (Pyloric antrum visible at left.)
Interior of the stomach. (Pyloric antrum visible at left.)
Latin	antrum pyloricum
Gray's	subject #247 1162
MeSH	Pyloric+Antrum
Dorlands/Elsevier	a_50/14179413

Pyloric antrum (antrum, lesser cul-de-sac) is the initial portion of the pyloric part of the stomach. It is near the bottom of the stomach on the left side of the pyloric sphincter, which separates the stomach and the duodenum.

It may temporarily become partially or completely shut off from the remainder of the stomach during digestion by peristaltic contraction of the prepyloric sphincter; it is demarcated, sometimes, from the second part of the pyloric part of the stomach (pyloric canal) by a slight groove.

Function

The pyloric antrum is the location of several important endocrine cells including Gastrin-producing G Cells (stimulate acid production) and the luminal-pH-sensitive population of somatostatin producing of D cells (responsible for shutting off acid secretion. There is a second hormone-sensitive population near the fundus.)

Etymology

Pylorus - lesser,
atrum - cave; cavern; hollow place with overarching foliage; cavity, hollow; tomb

Additional images

Stomach

Stomach

Sources

• William F Ganong. "Review of Medical Physiology, 22nd Edition."
• Physiology Lecture Notes.

External links

• Controversy over definition at plig.org
• SUNY Labs 37:06-0104 - "Abdominal Cavity: The stomach"
• SUNY Anatomy Image 7765
• Pyloric+antrum at eMedicine Dictionary

Anatomy of torso, digestive system: Gastrointestinal tract
Upper GI: to stomach	Mouth • Pharynx (nasopharynx, oropharynx, hypopharynx) • Esophagus • Crop
Upper GI: stomach	rugae - gastric pits - cardia/gland - fundus/gland - pylorus/gland - pyloric antrum - pyloric canal - greater curvature - lesser curvature - angular incisure
Lower GI: intestines	Small intestine: Duodenum (Suspensory muscle, Major duodenal papilla, Minor duodenal papilla) • Duodenojejunal flexure • Jejunum • Ileum • continuous (intestinal villus, crypts of Lieberkühn, circular folds) Junction: Vermiform appendix • Ileocecal valve Large intestine: Cecum • Colon (ascending colon, hepatic flexure, transverse colon, splenic flexure, descending colon, sigmoid colon) • continuous (taenia coli, haustra, epiploic appendix)
Lower GI: termination	Rectum: Houston valve • rectal ampulla • pectinate line Anal canal: anal valves • anal sinuses • anal columns • Hilton's white line Anus: Sphincter ani internus muscle • Sphincter ani externus muscle
Lower GI: lymph	GALT: Peyer's patches (M cells)