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Surgery
Surgery (from the Greek χειρουργική meaning "hand work") is the medical specialty that treats diseases or injuries by operative manual and instrumental treatment. Surgeons may be physicians, dentists, or veterinarians who specialize in surgery.
A surgery can also refer to the place where surgery is performed, or simply the office of a physician, dentist, or veterinarian.
Diseases that can be treated by surgery
- Trauma
- Anatomical Abnormalities
- Disorders of function
- Inflammation
- Ischaemia and infarction
- Metabolic disorders
- Neoplasia
- Other abnormalities of tissue growth, e.g. cysts, hyperplasia or Organ hypertrophy
Common surgical procedures
- Of the eight most common surgical procedures in the
US, four are
obstetric:
- episiotomy,
- repair of obstetric laceration,
- cesarean section, and
- artificial rupture of the amniotic membrane.
- The most common non-obstetric surgical procedures include:
According to 1996 data from the US National Center for Health Statistics, 40.3 million inpatient surgical procedures were performed in the United States in 1996, followed closely by 31.5 million outpatient operations.
Noted surgeons
- For a more complete list, see List of surgeons.
- Sushruta (known as "father of surgery", inventor of plastic surgery)
- William Stewart Halsted (initiated surgical residency training in U.S., pioneer in many fields)
- Alfred Blalock (first modern day successful open heart surgery in 1944)
- C. Walton Lillehei (labeled "Father of modern day open heart surgery")
- Christiaan Barnard (cardiac surgery, first heart transplantation)
- Walter Freeman (lobotomy)
- John Hunter (Scottish, viewed as the father of modern surgery, performed hundreds of dissections, served as the model for Dr. Jekyll.)
- Sir Victor Horsley (neurosurgery)
- Lars Leksell (neurosurgery, inventor of radiosurgery)
- Joseph Lister (discoverer of surgical sepsis, Listerine named in his honour)
- Harvey Cushing (pioneer of brain surgery)
- Lall Sawh (Trinidadian Urologist, pioneer of Kidney transplant surgery and early proponet of Viagra usage)
- Joseph Pancoast - 19th century American surgeon
- Norman Bethune - Canadian thoracic surgeon and humanitarian, early proponent of universal health care and inventor of the first practical mobile blood transport unit.
- Gavril Ilizarov - Russian orthopedic surgeon who invented the procedure to lengthen or reshape limb bones.
- Svyatoslav Fyodorov - Russian ophthalmologist, eye microsurgeon, creator of radial keratotomy.
- Gazi Yasargil - Turkish neurosurgeon, honored as the Neurosurgeon of the Century in 1999 by the Journal of Neurosurgery
- Professor (Dr) Rama Kant - honoured with International World Health Organization (WHO) Award in the year 2005 has pioneering innovations in cardiothoracic surgery, and heads Surgery Department at King George's Medical University
Surgical procedures and techniques
- List of surgical procedures
- Abdominal surgery
- Cardiothoracic surgery
- Dental surgery
- General surgery
- Gynaecology
- Laparoscopic surgery
- Neurosurgery
- NOTES
- Obstetrics
- Ophthalmic Surgery
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
- Orthopedic surgery
- Otorhinolaryngology
- Plastic surgery
- Remote surgery
- Urology
- Vascular surgery
See also
- Anesthesia
- Biomaterial
- Drain
- Endoscopy
- FACS
- Hypnosurgery
- Medicine
- Minimally invasive procedure
- Traumatology
References
External links
- Surgeons Net Educational Site
- Comparison of shoulder scars for open verses arthroscopic surgeries
- The portrayal of surgery by various artists
- A Manual of Military Surgery, by Samuel D. Gross, MD (1861). The manual used by doctors in the Union Army during the American Civil War.
- An On-Line Surgery Journal Club (via JournalReview.org)
- United States Surgery Patents
- American Surgical Association
- Unmanned robot surgeon
- AO Surgery Reference
- The Imperial College London Surgical Society
| | Surgery | Professions
The content of this section is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License (local copy). It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Surgery" modified March 24, 2007 with previous authors listed in its history.
